Patient safety culture and associated factors among health care providers in government and private hospitals, Bahir Dar City Northwest, Ethiopia, 2022: a comparative cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Patient safety in a healthcare setting is now a major global concern. Millions of people suffer disabling injuries or death directly related to medical care errors, particularly in developing countries. Evidence about patient safety culture in Ethiopia is limited. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the level of patient safety culture and associated factors among healthcare providers in government and private healthcare providers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 30, 2022. Self-administered hospital survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) tool was used to select 448 study participants. Epi Data version 4.6 and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test, Bi-variable, and multivariable logistic regressions were done to determine the association between the independent and outcome variable. RESULT: A total of 448 healthcare providers with a response rate of 99.6% participated. The prevalence of good patient safety culture was 50.9%( 95%CI: 46.2, 55.6%). Patient safety culture difference was observed between government and private healthcare providers (× 2 = 22.6, df = 1, p = 0.000). Type of hospitals (AOR = 0.37(95% CI:(0.21, 0.68), profession (AOR = 2.16 (95% CI:(1.02,4.62), job satisfaction (AOR = 0.19,95%CI:(0.12,0.30), participated in patient safety programs(AOR = 2.69:(95%CI:1.53,4.75), providing necessary equipment and materials (AOR = 2.05(95%CI: 1.18,3.55%), and work shift (AOR = 0.47( 95%CI: 0.25,0.93) were found significantly associated with good patient safety culture among healthcare providers. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of good patient safety culture was relatively low. Patient safety culture difference is observed between government and private healthcare providers. Type of hospitals (public or private), profession, job satisfaction, participation in patient safety programs, providing necessary equipment and materials, and work shifts were associated factors for patient safety culture. Therefore, it is better to design patient safety improvement strategies for both government and private healthcare providers.

Knowledge and Practice about Glasgow Coma Scale Assessment among Nurses Working in Adult Intensive Care Units of Federal Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The Glasgow Coma Scale is a dependable and objective neurological assessment instrument used for determining and recording a patient's level of consciousness. Therefore, the knowledge, practice, and factors affecting Glasgow coma scale evaluation among nurses working in adult intensive care units of federally administered hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were investigated. Methods: From April 4 to 24, 2020, 121 Adult Intensive Care Unit nurses at Ethiopian federal hospitals participated in an institutional-based cross-sectional survey with a standardized self-administered questionnaire. The information was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Result: According to this study, nurses working in the Adult Intensive Care Unit of federal hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, had poor knowledge (51.2%) and poor practice (62%) of the Glasgow Coma Scale's basic theoretical notions and competencies. Furthermore, the education and gender of nurses were linked to their level of knowledge and clinical practice. Being a male and having a master's degree were both significantly linked with knowledge(AOR = 4.13, 95% CI: (1.87-9.1)), (AOR=7.4, 95% CI: (1.4-38)) and practice (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: (1.2-6)), (AOR = 10.4, 95% CI: (2.0-53)) respectively. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that nurses had poor knowledge and application of practice-related clinical scenarios on the Glasgow Coma Scale.

Magnitude of job satisfaction and intention to leave their present job among nurses in selected federal hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Job dissatisfaction issues and health workers' intention to leave is an increasing problem that threatens the function of the health care sector worldwide, especially in developing countries, including Ethiopia. As part of future evidence, this study was intended to assess nurses' job satisfaction and intention to leave their current work and its associated factors in federal public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHOD: An institutional based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 408 nurses from selected federal hospitals in Ethiopia. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Logistic regression was employed to identify the predictor variables with consideration of statistical significance at P <0.05 adjusted odds ratios calculated at 95% CIs. RESULT: The magnitudes of job satisfaction and intention to leave their current job among nurses in this study were 47.7% and 80.6%, respectively. Salary is imbalanced with demands [AOR = 2.85 (1.24, 6.57)], managers who have no personal plan for developing skills [AOR = 3.74 (1.58, 8.87)], stressful jobs [AOR = 0.28 (0.11, 0.71)], health problems are a reason for having thoughts about changing jobs [AOR = 3.02 (1.17, 7.79)], and a lack of development [AOR = 4.13 (1.51, 11.3)] were identified as determinant factors for intention to leave. CONCLUSION: The overall intention to leave their current job among nurses working in selected federal hospitals in Ethiopia was high. The government of Ethiopia should balance the salary of nurses with the current market level. Hospital leaders should plan the way nurses develop their educational and job carrier levels.

Medication administration errors and associated factors among nurses in Addis Ababa federal hospitals, Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the magnitude and contributing factors of medication administration errors among nurses in federal hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DESIGN: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Data on medication administration and associated factors were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with medication administration errors on the basis of adjusted OR with 95% CI and a p value less than 0.05. SETTING: This study was conducted in federal hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred and twenty-three randomly selected nurses participated. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome variable is medication administration error, which was ascertained using the following errors: wrong medication, wrong dose, wrong time, wrong route, wrong patient, wrong drug preparation, wrong advice, wrong assessment and wrong documentations. RESULTS: A total of 59.9% (95% CI: 55.0% to 64.8%) of the nurses in the federal hospitals in Addis Ababa committed one or more medication administration errors in the last 12 months prior to the survey. The most commonly reported medication errors were wrong time (56.8%), wrong documentation (33.3%), wrong advice (27.8%) and wrong dose (20.1%). Medication administration errors among nurses were significantly associated with short work experience (adjusted OR (AOR): 6.48, 95% CI: 1.32 to 31.78), night shift work (AOR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.82 to 13.78), absence of on-the-job training (AOR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.67 to 6.00), unavailability of medication administration guidelines in wards (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.06) and interruptions during medication administration (AOR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.30 to 4.49). CONCLUSION: It was found that a high proportion of nurses in federal hospitals committed medication administration errors. Short work experience, night shift work, absence of on-the-job training, unavailability of medication administration guidelines and interruptions during medication administration explained the high magnitude of medication administration errors.

Understanding professional stratification and hybridisation in the medical profession: exploratory evidence from Brazilian federal university hospitals / Comprendiendo la estratificación e hibridación profesional en la profesión médica: evidencia exploratoria de los hospitales universitarios federales de Brasil / Compreendendo a estratificação profissional e hibridização na profissão médica: evidências exploratórias de hospitais universitários federais brasileiros

Abstract This paper explores drivers, implications, and trends of professional stratification and hybridisation in the medical profession employed in Brazilian substituir por: federal university hospitals (HUFs). Drawing on exploratory findings, we examine some repercussions of the migration of university hospitals to EBSERH, a public company established by the federal government to manage and organise HUFs integrated into the Unified Health System (SUS). Our research shows that transferring hospital administration to EBSERH has led to further internal stratification of the medical workforce. The shift from the logic of medical-academic professionalism to the new logic of business-like healthcare, with the adoption of distinct job contracts and more managerial logics of work and control, may well be changing subjective and formal links established between professionals, universities, and hospitals. We identify and discuss trends towards hybridisation and dehybridisation. These findings are relevant because this shift can have profound implications for the academic nature of HUFs and for the future of professionalism within these health and teaching organisations.

Resumen Este artículo explora impulsores, implicaciones y tendencias de la estratificación y la hibridación profesional en la profesión médica empleada en los hospitales universitarios federales brasileños (HUFs). A partir de hallazgos exploratorios, examinamos algunas de las repercusiones de la migración de los hospitales universitarios a la EBSERH, una empresa pública creada por el gobierno federal para administrar y organizar los HUFs integrados en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Nuestra investigación muestra que la transferencia de la administración hospitalaria a la EBSERH ha llevado a una mayor estratificación interna de la fuerza laboral médica. El cambio de la lógica del profesionalismo médico-académico a una lógica empresarial en salud, con la adopción de diferentes regímenes de empleo y modos de trabajo y control más gerenciales, puede estar alterando los vínculos subjetivos y formales que se establecen entre los profesionales, las universidades y los hospitales involucrados. Se identifican y discuten tendencias hacia la hibridación y deshibridación. Estos hallazgos son relevantes porque tales cambios pueden tener profundas implicaciones para la naturaleza académica de los HUFs, así como para el futuro del profesionalismo dentro de estas organizaciones de salud y educación.

Resumo: Este artigo explora motivadores, implicações e tendências de estratificação e hibridização profissional na profissão médica atuante em hospitais universitários federais brasileiros (HUFs). Com base em achados exploratórios, examinamos algumas das repercussões da migração dos hospitais universitários para a EBSERH, uma empresa pública criada pelo governo federal para gerenciar e organizar os HUFs vinculados ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A pesquisa mostra que a transferência da administração hospitalar para a EBSERH tem acarretado maior estratificação interna da força de trabalho médica. A mudança da lógica de profissionalismo médico-acadêmico para uma nova lógica empresarial de saúde, com a adoção de distintos regimes empregatícios e formas de trabalho e controle mais gerenciais, podem estar alterando vínculos subjetivos e formais estabelecidos entre os profissionais, as universidades e os hospitais envolvidos. Tendências em direção à hibridização e desibridização foram identificadas e discutidas. Esses achados são relevantes tendo em vista que tais movimentos podem representar implicações profundas para a natureza acadêmica dos HUFs e para o futuro do profissionalismo nessas organizações de saúde e ensino.

Smoking and cessation behaviors in patients at federally funded health centers - United States, 2014.

BACKGROUND: Federally funded health centers (HCs) provide care to the most vulnerable populations in the U.S., including populations with disproportionately higher smoking prevalence such as those with lower incomes. METHODS: This study compared characteristics of adult HC patients, by cigarette smoking status, and assessed smoking cessation-related behaviors using 2014 Health Center Patient Survey data; analysis was restricted to adults with data on cigarette smoking status (n = 5583). Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Overall, 28.1 % were current smokers and 19.2 % were former smokers. Current smokers were more likely to report fair/poor health (48.2 %) and a high burden of behavioral health conditions (e.g., severe psychological distress 23.9 %) versus former and never smokers. Most current smokers reported wanting to quit in the past 12 months (79.0 %) and receiving advice to quit from a healthcare professional (78.7 %). In a multivariable model, age <45, non-white race, COPD diagnosis, and past 3-month marijuana use were significantly associated with desire to quit. Few former smokers (15.2 %) reported using cessation treatment, though use was higher among those who quit within the previous year (30.6 %). CONCLUSIONS: Although most current smokers reported a desire to quit, low uptake of evidence-based treatment may reduce the number who attempt to quit and succeed. Given the burden of tobacco use, future efforts could focus on identifying and overcoming unique personal, healthcare professional, or health system barriers to connecting them with cessation treatments. Increasing access to cessation treatments within HCs could reduce smoking-related disparities and improve population health.

The COVID-19 telepsychology revolution: A national study of pandemic-based changes in U.S. mental health care delivery.

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered mental health care delivery like no other event in modern history. The purpose of this study was to document the magnitude of that effect by examining (a) the amount of psychologists' telepsychology use before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the pandemic, and anticipated use after the pandemic; as well as (b) the demographic, training, policy, and clinical practice predictors of these changes. This study used a cross-sectional, national online design to recruit 2,619 licensed psychologists practicing in the United States. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists performed 7.07% of their clinical work with telepsychology, which increased 12-fold to 85.53% during the pandemic, with 67.32% of psychologists conducting all of their clinical work with telepsychology. Psychologists projected that they would perform 34.96% of their clinical work via telepsychology after the pandemic. Psychologists working in outpatient treatment facilities reported over a 26-fold increase in telepsychology use during the pandemic, while those in Veterans Affairs medical centers only reported a sevenfold increase. A larger increase in percentage telepsychology use occurred in women, in psychologists who reported an increase in telepsychology training and supportive organizational telepsychology policies, and in psychologists who treated relationship issues, anxiety, and women's issues. The lowest increases in percentage telepsychology use were reported by psychologists working in rural areas, treating antisocial personality disorder, performing testing and evaluation, and treating rehabilitation populations. Although there was a remarkable increase in telepsychology use during the COVID-19 pandemic, individual and practice characteristics affected psychologists' ability to adopt telepsychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

COVID-19: a cross-sectional study of suspected cases admitted to a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and factors associated with hospital death. / COVID-19: estudo seccional de casos suspeitos internados em um hospital federal do Rio de Janeiro e fatores associados ao óbito hospitalar.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of suspected COVID-19 cases admitted to a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and to identify factors associated with death. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using local epidemiological surveillance data as at epidemiological week 27 of 2020 and logistic regression. RESULTS: 376 hospitalized suspected COVID-19 cases were included; 52.9% were female, 57.4% were 50 years old or over and 80.1% had comorbidities. 195 (51.9%) COVID-19 cases were confirmed and their lethality was higher (37.9%) than among discarded cases (24.2%). In the adjusted analysis, death among confirmed cases was associated with being in the 50-69 age group (OR=11.65 - 95%CI 1.69;80.33), being aged 70 or over (OR=8.43 - 95%CI 1.22;58.14), presence of neoplasms (OR=4.34 - 95%CI 1.28;14.76) and use of invasive ventilatory support (OR=70.20 - 95%CI 19.09;258.19). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of comorbidities and lethality was found; the main factors associated with death were being older, neoplasms and invasive ventilatory support.

Implementing the Patient Health Questionnaire Modified for Adolescents to improve screening for depression among adolescents in a Federally Qualified Health Centre.

BACKGROUND: Depression, which is a serious medical illness, is prevalent worldwide and it negatively impacts the adolescent lifestyle. Adolescent depression is associated with adverse emotional and functional outcomes and suboptimal physical health. Over the last decade, it has been found that approximately 9% of teenagers meet the criteria for depression at any given time, and one in five teenagers have a history of depression during adolescence. Ninety per cent of paediatricians believe that recognition of child and adolescent depression is their responsibility; however, it has been reported that 46% lacked confidence that they could recognise depression. METHODS: In this study, adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age were screened during their well-child visits using the Patient Health Questionnaire Modified for Adolescents. A score of 10 or higher warrants a referral to a social worker and psychiatrist. The goals of this quality improvement project were to implement a standardised questionnaire and to improve the screening, diagnosis and treatment of depression in children from 12 to 17 years of age. RESULTS: It was found that the adolescent depression screening rate significantly improved within 6 months of implementing this quality improvement project. The screening rate improved to 50% by mid-cycle (Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle 3) and up to 70% at the end of the 6-month period (PDSA cycle 5). Improvement was noted among all providers, across all age groups, and in both male and female patients by the end of the study period. CONCLUSION: Standardised screening tests with a scoring system help providers to identify and monitor depression symptoms using a common language, especially in the outpatient clinical setting where the patient may be seen by different providers.

Hospital Nacional Sommer

Contribuimos a garantizar el derecho a la salud de la población a través de acciones de promoción, prevención, recuperación y rehabilitación en pacientes adultos, con énfasis en rehabilitación y cuidados paliativos, y nos especializamos en líneas de cuidado de la Enfermedad de Hansen —lepra—

The Value Transformation Framework: An Approach to Value-Based Care in Federally Qualified Health Centers.

BACKGROUND: With the transition toward value-based care, health care organizations have a business imperative to simultaneously focus on improved health outcomes, improved patient and staff experience, and reduced costs (the Quadruple Aim). For federally qualified health centers-which provide care to some of nation's most vulnerable populations-balancing the complex task of systems change in the face of overwhelming volumes of information and best practices is challenging and can be supported through a guiding framework. PURPOSE: This need for synthesis and translation of evidence in an actionable and practical way led to the design of a model for health center systems change. This article describes the development process and defines the resulting conceptual framework. METHODS: Deployed a four-step process between 2016 and 2018 to develop and test a framework for value transformation in health centers. RESULTS: NACHC's Quality Center developed the Value Transformation Framework to guide health center systems change toward high value care. The framework identifies 15 change areas across three Domains: infrastructure, care delivery, and people and summarizes evidence-based action steps within the change areas. CONCLUSIONS: The framework shows promise in supporting health center efforts to adapt, transform, and balance competing demands as they advance value-based models of care.

Effect of antenatal counselling on early initiation of breastfeeding, an interventional study at two Federal Hospitals, Islamabad Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of antenatal counselling at term on early initiation of breastfeeding. METHODS: The prospective, questionnaire-based study was conducted at two state-run hospitals in Islamabad, Pakistan, from July to December 2016. One hundred subjects at the Federal General Hospital represented intervention group A and received special antenatal counselling regarding benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding, while 100 subjects at the Islamabad Polyclinic formed control group B and received routine counselling. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 20. RESULTS: Of the 200 subjects initially enrolled, 185 were included in the data analysis , 91 in the intervention group (A) and 94 among the control group (B) and Rest were excluded due to missing data. In group A, 46 (50.5%) women initiated breastfeeding within one hour of childbirth, while in group B 17 (18.08%) women did early inititation (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Counselling was seen to be associated with early initiation of breastfeeding.

Federal university hospitals: heterogeneity in the coordination of clinical trials authorized by the National Health Surveillance Agency

Introduction: This study aimed to describe clinical trials approved by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and coordinated by federal university hospitals (FUHs), as well as to investigate the relationship between the number of clinical trials and the assistance provided by these FUHs. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data obtained from the ANVISA clinical trial consultation system. The National Register of Health Care Facilities and the Ambulatory Care Information System of the Unified Health System (SUS) were used as sources of information on the assistance provided by FUHs, such as the mean number of specialized medical consultations and the number of beds. Scatter plot and Spearman's correlation coefficient analyses were used to verify the association between these aspects of FUHs and the number of clinical trials. Results: Between 2012 and 2013, ANVISA authorized 209 trials to be coordinated by 23 FUHs; 75% of the trials were coordinated by 7 FUHs, 69.8% were phase III trials, and 94% were multicenter studies. The number of clinical trials presented positive and statistically significant associations with the mean number of specialized medical consultations and the number of beds (Spearman's correlation coefficients r = +0.70 and r = +0.64, respectively). Conclusion: FUHs have a leadership role in the conduction of clinical trials in Brazil, but showed heterogeneity regarding their assistance capacities and the number of clinical trials. A predominance of phase III trials may be interpreted as a low use of the scientific potentiality of these facilities. (AU)

Cultura organizacional na gestão da qualidade e segurança do paciente em um hospital público universitário / Organizational culture in the management of quality and patient safety in a public university hospital

A influência da cultura organizacional na gestão da qualidade e segurança do paciente tornou-se objeto de estudo, pois é essencial para a gestão hospitalar por envolver questões subjetivas, além de técnicas de avaliação e monitoramento. O estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a influência da cultura organizacional na gestão da qualidade e segurança do paciente em um hospital universitário da rede pública de Belo Horizonte e no cotidiano de trabalho dos profissionais. E como objetivos específicos: compreender aspectos da cultura do hospital a partir da sua evolução histórica e mudanças em curso; identificar o entendimento de cultura organizacional pelos profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar e equipe de enfermagem; identificar as concepções dos profissionais e equipe de enfermagem sobre qualidade assistencial e segurança do paciente; e compreender a visão dos profissionais de saúde sobre a influência da cultura na gestão da qualidade e segurança do paciente. Estudo de caso único, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando o referencial teórico de Fleury e Fischer, nas unidades de clínica médica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Participaram 18 gestores, 12 enfermeiros assistenciais, 1 enfermeira da Comissão de Controle de Infecção, 1 enfermeira do suporte nutricional, 11 técnicos em Enfermagem, 1 farmacêutico clínico, 1 fonoaudiólogo, 1 fisioterapeuta, 2 assistentes sociais, 1 professor médico e 2 médicos plantonistas, totalizando 51 entrevistados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação, análise documental e entrevistas individuais com roteiro semiestruturado. As entrevistas foram agendadas, realizadas em ambiente privativo após esclarecimentos sobre a pesquisa, autorização para gravar e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre Esclarecido. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Organizaram-se quatro categorias de análise: Instância políticoeconômica: compreendendo elementos simbólicos; Instância das políticas de gestão de recursos humanos; Instância da organização do processo de trabalho; e Gestão da qualidade e segurança do paciente. Os elementos simbólicos constituintes da cultura identificados foram poder do professor e do médico, a força da cultura da universidade, as decisões colegiadas, a estabilidade e a autonomia dos estatutários do Regime Jurídico Único, mito da clínica médica do 7º andar, sobrecarga de trabalho e dimensionamento insuficiente e o mito do serviço público. Tais elementos influenciam a gestão da qualidade e segurança do paciente, uma vez que as ações propostas não têm adesão para que se consolidem no cotidiano de trabalho e vêm cercadas pelo discurso vigente de 'não dá tempo, aqui sempre foi assim e aqui demora mesmo, é serviço público', mesmo com a entrada da Empresa Brasileira Serviços Hospitalares e a proposta de novo modelo de cuidado e de gestão. Conclui-se que os elementos simbólicos determinam o processo de trabalho e a relação entre as pessoas consolidando as estruturas de poder vigente, garantindo, assim, a manutenção das ações no cotidiano de trabalho dos profissionais.

The influence of organizational culture in the management of patient quality and safety has become the object of study, as it is essential for hospital management, as it involves subjective issues in addition to assessment and monitoring techniques. The general objective of the study is to analyse the influence of organizational culture on quality management and patient safety in a public university hospital in Belo Horizonte and in the daily work of professionals. And, as specific objectives: to understand aspects of the hospital's culture from its historical evolution and ongoing changes; identify the understanding of organizational culture by the professionals of the multidisciplinary team and the nursing team; identify the conceptions of nursing professionals and staff about quality of care and patient safety and understand the view of health professionals about the influence of culture on quality management and patient safety. A single case study, with a qualitative approach, using the theoretical framework of Fleury and Fischer, in the medical clinic units of Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Eighteen managers participated, 12 nurse assistants, 1 nurse of the Infection Control Commission, 1 nurse of nutritional support, 11 nursing technicians, 1 clinical pharmacist, 1 speech therapist, 1 physiotherapist, 2 social workers, 1 medical professor and 2 physicians on duty, totaling 51 respondents. Data were collected through observation, document analysis and individual interviews with a semi-structured script. The interviews were scheduled, held in a private environment after clarification about the research, authorization to record and signing the Informed Consent Form. The data were submitted to thematic content analysis. Four categories of analysis were organized: Political economic instance: comprising symbolic elements; Instance of human resources management policies; Instance of the organization of the work process; and Quality management and patient safety. The symbolic elements constituting the culture identified were: power of the teacher, the doctor, the strength of the university's culture, collegial decisions, the stability and autonomy of the statutory bodies of the Single Legal Regime, myth of the 7th floor medical clinic, work overload and insufficient dimensioning and the myth of the public service. Such elements influence the management of quality and patient safety because the proposed actions do not have adherence to consolidate themselves in the daily work, and it is surrounded by the current discourse of not giving time, it has always been like this and it really takes time here, it is public service, even with the entry of Empresa Brasileira Serviços Hospitalares and the proposal for a new care and management model. It is concluded that the symbolic elements determine the work process and the relationship between people, consolidating the structures of current power, guaranteeing the maintenance of actions in the daily work of professionals.

Como os hospitais universitários estão enfrentando a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil? / ¿Cómo están enfrentando la pandemia de COVID-19 los hospitales universitarios en Brasil? / How are university hospitals coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil?

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as ações que os hospitais universitários federais estão desenvolvendo no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos Estudo documental, a partir de informações disponibilizadas nos sites oficiais de 44 hospitais universitários da rede federal de ensino do Brasil. O levantamento foi realizado nos meses de abril e maio de 2020. Os excertos foram agrupados por similaridade, considerando as dimensões Assistência, Gestão, Extensão, Ensino e Pesquisa. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Resultados Identificaram-se 495 ações para o enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19, distribuídas entre Assistência (38,99%), Gestão (37,58%), Extensão (16,16%) e Ensino e Pesquisa (7,27%). Na Assistência, destacou-se a suspensão de consultas não relacionadas à COVID-19 e cirurgias eletivas, bem como mudanças em rotinas com reforço às questões de biossegurança para evitar transmissão do vírus. No âmbito da Gestão, ocorreu contratação de novos profissionais e capacitação das equipes de saúde. Na dimensão Extensão, foram desenvolvidos principalmente materiais educativos sobre medidas de prevenção da COVID-19. Em relação ao Ensino e Pesquisa, houve suspensão de atividades educativo-formativas e sobressaiu-se o engajamento dos hospitais no desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre o tema. Conclusão Os hospitais universitários estão reorganizando o atendimento e buscando meios para prover as condições necessárias para o cumprimento da sua missão no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde, a partir de ações de assistência, gestão, extensão, ensino e pesquisa.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar las acciones que los hospitales universitarios federales están llevando a cabo para enfrentar la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Métodos Estudio documental, a partir de información disponible en los sitios web oficiales de 44 hospitales universitarios de la red educativa federal de Brasil. La recolección fue realizada en los meses de abril y mayo de 2020. Los fragmentos se agruparon por similitud, considerando las dimensiones Atención, Gestión, Extensión, Enseñanza e Investigación. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos. Resultados Se identificaron 495 acciones para el enfrentamiento de la pandemia de COVID-19, distribuidas entre Atención (38,99 %), Gestión (37,58 %), Extensión (16,16 %) y Enseñanza e Investigación (7,27 %). En Atención, se destacó la suspensión de consultas no relacionadas con la COVID-19 y cirugías electivas, así como cambios de rutinas con un refuerzo en las cuestiones de bioseguridad para evitar la transmisión del virus. En el ámbito de la Gestión, se contrataron nuevos profesionales y se capacitó a los equipos de salud. En la dimensión Extensión, se creó principalmente material educativo sobre medidas de prevención de la COVID-19. Con relación a la Enseñanza e Investigación, se suspendieron las actividades educativas y se destacó el compromiso de los hospitales en el desarrollo de investigaciones sobre el tema. Conclusión Los hospitales universitarios están reorganizando la atención y buscando los medios para ofrecer las condiciones necesarias para cumplir su misión en el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud, a partir de acciones de atención, gestión, extensión, enseñanza e investigación.

Abstract Objective To identify the actions that federal university hospitals are developing to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods Documentary study based on information available on official websites of 44 university hospitals in the federal teaching network in Brazil. The survey was conducted in April and May 2020. The excerpts were grouped by similarity, considering the Care, Management, Extension, Teaching and Research dimensions. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Results The 495 actions identified to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic were distributed among Care (38.99%), Management (37.58%), Extension (16.16%) and Teaching and Research (7.27%). In Care, the highlights were the suspension of consultations not related to COVID-19 and elective surgeries, and changes in routines with focus on biosafety issues to prevent virus transmission. In Management, new professionals were hired and health teams were trained. In the Extension dimension, educational materials were developed, mainly on COVID-19 prevention measures. In relation to Teaching and Research, educational-training activities were suspended and the engagement of hospitals in the development of research on the subject stood out. Conclusion University hospitals are reorganizing care and looking for ways to provide the necessary conditions to fulfill their mission within the National Health System context, based on care, management, extension, teaching and research actions.

Developing Telemental Health Partnerships Between State Medical Schools and Federally Qualified Health Centers: Navigating the Regulatory Landscape and Policy Recommendations.

BACKGROUND: Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) deliver care to 26 million Americans living in underserved areas, but few offer telemental health (TMH) services. The social missions of FQHCs and publicly funded state medical schools create a compelling argument for the development of TMH partnerships. In this paper, we share our experience and recommendations from launching TMH partnerships between 12 rural FQHCs and 3 state medical schools. EXPERIENCE: There was consensus that medical school TMH providers should practice as part of the FQHC team to promote integration, enhance quality and safety, and ensure financial sustainability. For TMH providers to practice and bill as FQHC providers, the following issues must be addressed: (1) credentialing and privileging the TMH providers at the FQHC, (2) expanding FQHC Scope of Project to include telepsychiatry, (3) remote access to medical records, (4) insurance credentialing/paneling, billing, and supplemental payments, (5) contracting with the medical school, and (6) indemnity coverage for TMH. RECOMMENDATIONS: We make recommendations to both state medical schools and FQHCs about how to overcome existing barriers to TMH partnerships. We also make recommendations about changes to policy that would mitigate the impact of these barriers. Specifically, we make recommendations to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid about insurance credentialing, facility fees, eligibility of TMH encounters for supplemental payments, and Medicare eligibility rules for TMH billing by FQHCs. We also make recommendations to the Health Resources and Services Administration about restrictions on adding telepsychiatry to the FQHCs' Scope of Project and the eligibility of TMH providers for indemnity coverage under the Federal Tort Claims Act.

Geographic Expansion of Federally Qualified Health Centers 2007-2014.

PURPOSE: Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), which were expanded under the Affordable Care Act, are federally funded health centers that aim to improve access to primary care in underserved areas. With continued federal support, the number of FQHCs in the United States has increased >80% within a decade. However, the expansion patterns and their impact on the population served are unknown. METHODS: A pre (2007)-post (2014) study of FQHC locations. FQHC locations were identified from the Provider of Services Files then linked to primary care service areas (PCSAs), which represent the service markets that FQHCs served. Road-based travel time was estimated from each 2007 FQHC to the nearest new FQHC as an indicator of geographic expansion in access. PCSA-level characteristics were used to compare 2007 and 2014 FQHC service markets. FINDINGS: Between 2007 and 2014, there was greater expansion in the number of FQHCs (3,489 vs 6,376; 82.7%) than in the number of service markets (1,835 vs 2,695; 46.9%). Nearly half of 2007 FQHCs (47%) had at least one new FQHC within 30 minutes travel time. Most newly certified FQHCs (81%) were located in urban areas. Compared to 2007 service markets, the new 2014 markets (N = 174) were much less likely to be in areas with >20% of the population below poverty (31.4% vs 14.9%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The latest expansion of FQHCs was less likely to be in rural or high poverty areas, suggesting the impact of expansion may have limitations in improving access to care among the most financially disadvantaged populations.

Competências de gestores de um hospital universitário federal / Competencies of managers of a federal university hospital

A atuação de gestores de hospitais universitários envolve situações diversas, decorrentes da complexidade de um hospital terciário, variedade de atividades e setores, capacidade instalada, responsabilidade social, recursos escassos e funções de prover condições para o ensino, pesquisa e assistência. Por isso, os gestores hospitalares necessitam em suas ações cotidianas mobilizar suas competências para atender as expectativas e realizar suas atribuições. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil e as competências mobilizadas por gestores de um Hospital Universitário Federal. Trata-se de um estudo de caso descritivo, que elegeu o conceito de competência como um conjunto de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA). O cenário de estudo foi o Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, localizado no município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e junho de 2019, por meio de um questionário com a identificação do perfil sociodemográfico dos participantes e questões sobre as competências mobilizadas pelos gestores. Participaram do estudo, 31 gestores de unidades funcionais de setores assistenciais, administrativos e de ensino e pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados por meio da plataforma on-line (eSurvey). Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva com frequência absoluta e relativa das informações. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos gestores possui idade entre 30 e 40 anos, é profissional de saúde, do sexo feminino, possui nível superior há menos de 10 anos, experiência anterior em gestão, atua na área administrativa, está no cargo de gestão há menos de 5 anos e gerencia entre 1 e 50 pessoas. Entre as competências mais mobilizadas estão: os conhecimentos relacionados à missão e objetivos da Instituição; recursos humanos; normas e procedimentos e gerência dos processos de trabalho. As habilidades como ética com a equipe, superiores e usuários, identificação de problemas e comunicação foram as mais mobilizadas. As atitudes mais mobilizadas foram ser justo com sua equipe e usuários e ter envolvimento com o trabalho e com a equipe. Conclui-se que os gestores hospitalares, da instituição pública de ensino e pesquisa estudada, possuem diferentes perfis, mobilizam mais competências relacionadas a habilidades e atitudes e menos relacionadas a conhecimentos no cotidiano de trabalho e pela natureza do cenário se veem ainda distantes dos preceitos estabelecidos.

The performance of university hospital managers involves different situations, resulting from the complexity of a tertiary hospital, variety of activities and sectors, installed capacity, social responsibility, scarce resources and functions of providing conditions for teaching, research and assistance. For this reason, hospital managers need in their daily actions to mobilize their skills to meet expectations and perform their duties. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile and skills mobilized by managers at a Federal University Hospital. It is a descriptive case study, which chose the concept of competence as a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes (CHA). The study scenario was the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Data were collected between April and June 2019, through a questionnaire identifying the participants' sociodemographic profile and questions about the skills mobilized by managers. Participated in the study, 31 managers of functional units of assistance, administrative and teaching and research sectors. The data were collected using the online platform (eSurvey). For data analysis, descriptive statistics with absolute and relative frequency of information was used. The results show that the majority of managers are aged between 30 and 40 years old, are health professionals, female, have a university degree for less than 10 years, previous management experience, work in the administrative area, have been in the management position for under 5 and manages between 1 and 50 people. Among the most mobilized skills are: knowledge related to the institution's mission and objectives; human Resources; norms and procedures and management of work processes. Skills such as ethics with staff, superiors and users, problem identification and communication were the most mobilized. The most mobilized attitudes were to be fair to your team and users and to be involved with the work and the team. It is concluded that hospital managers, from the studied public teaching and research institution, have different profiles, mobilize more skills related to skills and attitudes and less related to knowledge in their daily work and due to the nature of the scenario, they are still far from the established precepts.

Investigation of a Cluster of Sphingomonas koreensis Infections.

BACKGROUND: Plumbing systems are an infrequent but known reservoir for opportunistic microbial pathogens that can infect hospitalized patients. In 2016, a cluster of clinical sphingomonas infections prompted an investigation. METHODS: We performed whole-genome DNA sequencing on clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Sphingomonas koreensis identified from 2006 through 2016 at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center. We cultured S. koreensis from the sinks in patient rooms and performed both whole-genome and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to identify a reservoir within the infrastructure of the hospital. These isolates were compared with clinical and environmental S. koreensis isolates obtained from other institutions. RESULTS: The investigation showed that two isolates of S. koreensis obtained from the six patients identified in the 2016 cluster were unrelated, but four isolates shared more than 99.92% genetic similarity and were resistant to multiple antibiotic agents. Retrospective analysis of banked clinical isolates of sphingomonas from the NIH Clinical Center revealed the intermittent recovery of a clonal strain over the past decade. Unique single-nucleotide variants identified in strains of S. koreensis elucidated the existence of a reservoir in the hospital plumbing. Clinical S. koreensis isolates from other facilities were genetically distinct from the NIH isolates. Hospital remediation strategies were guided by results of microbiologic culturing and fine-scale genomic analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This genomic and epidemiologic investigation suggests that S. koreensis is an opportunistic human pathogen that both persisted in the NIH Clinical Center infrastructure across time and space and caused health care-associated infections. (Funded by the NIH Intramural Research Programs.).